利用原子力显微镜进行力测量

• 解开/展开模块化蛋白质，测量/观察能量图景。
• 释放/融化DNA分子（B-S转换）
• 聚合物的构象变化
• 测量分子间的作用力：配合基-受体对、抗体-抗原结合、蛋白质-矿物。
• 在功能组和表面之间测量特异性
• 测量附着力
• 对细胞（固定细胞和活细胞）、聚合物和凝胶进行机械测量

"Angle-dependent atomic force microscopy single-chain pulling of adsorbed macromolecules from planar surfaces unveils the signature of an adsorption–desorption ," L. Grebíková, S. G. Whittington, and J. G. Vancso, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 6408 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b02851

"Dynamic and depth dependent nanomechanical properties of dorsal ruffles in live cells and biopolymeric hydrogels," V. Vyas, M. Solomon, G. G. D'Souza, and B. D. Huey, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18, 1557 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.14219

"Measuring nanoscale viscoelastic parameters of cells directly from force-displacement curves," Y. M. Efremov, W.-H. Wang, S. D. Hardy, R. L. Geahlen, and A. Raman, Sci. Rep. 7, 1541 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01784-3

"Mechanical properties of membranes composed of gel- or fluid- phospholipids probed on liposomes by atomic force ," O. Et-Thakafy, N. Delorme, C. Gaillard, C. Mériadec, F. Artzner, C. Lopez, and F. Guyomarc'h, Langmuir 33, 5117 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00363

"Atomic force microscopy-guided fractionation reveals the influence of cranberry phytochemicals on adhesion of Escherichia coli," P. Gupta, B. Song, C. Neto, and T. A. Camesano, Food Funct. 7, 2655 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00109b

"Correlating confocal microscopy and atomic force indentation reveals metastatic cancer cells stiffen during invasion into collagen I matrices," J. R. Staunton, B. L. Doss, S. Lindsay, and R. Ros, Sci. Rep. 6, 19686 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19686

"Adsorption and adhesion of common serum proteins to nanotextured gallium nitride," L. E. Bain, M. P. Hoffmann, I. Bryan, R. Collazo, and A. Ivanisevic, Nanoscale 7, 2360 (2015). hhttps://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr06353h

"Toughness and damage susceptibility in human cortical bone is proportional to mechanical inhomogeneity at the osteonal-level," O. L. Katsamenis, T. Jenkins, and P. J. Thurner, Bone 76, 158 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.020

"Force measurements on natural membrane nanovesicles reveal a composition-independent, 's modulus," A. Calò, D. Reguera, G. Oncins, M.-A. Persuy, G. Sanz, S. Lobasso, A. Corcelli, E. Pajot-Augy, and G. Gomila, Nanoscale 6, 2275 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr05107b

"Probing the hydrophobic interaction between air bubbles and partially hydrophobic surfaces using atomic force microscopy," C. Shi, D. Y. Chan, Q. Liu, and H. Zeng, J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 25000 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp507164c

"Measuring the interaction between ions, biopolymers and interfaces — one polymer at a time," S. Kienle, T. Pirzer, S. Krysiak, M. Geisler, and T. Hugel, Faraday Discuss. 160, 329 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fd20069d

"Measurement of the hydrophobic force in a soft system," R. F. Tabor, C. Wu, F. Grieser, R. R. Dagastine, and D. Y. C. Chan, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 3872 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz402068k

"Poly(acrylamide) films at the solvent-induced glass : adhesion, tribology, and the influence of crosslinking," A. Li, S. N. Ramakrishna, E. S. Kooij, R. M. Espinosa-Marzal, and N. D. Spencer, Soft 8, 9092 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26222c

"Thickness-corrected model for nanoindentation of films with conical indenters," J. A. C. Santos, L. M. Rebêlo, A. C. Araujo, E. B. Barros, and J. S. de Sousa, Soft 8, 4441 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm07062f

"Evolutionary screening of collagen-like peptides that nucleate hydroxyapatite crystals," W.-J. Chung, K.-Y. Kwon, J. Song, and S.-W. Lee, Langmuir 27, 7620 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/la104757g

"Single-molecule determination of the face-specific adsorption of Amelogenin's C-terminus on hydroxyapatite," R. W. Friddle, K. Battle, V. Trubetskoy, J. Tao, E. A. Salter, J. Moradian-Oldak, J. J. De Yoreo, and A. Wierzbicki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 7541 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201100181

"Molecular shape and binding force of Mycoplasma mobile's leg protein Gli349 revealed by an study," C. Lesoil, T. Nonaka, H. Sekiguchi, T. Osada, M. Miyata, R. Afrin, and A. Ikai, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 391, 1312 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.023

"Elastic modulus of single cellulose microfibrils from tunicate measured by atomic force microscopy," S. Iwamoto, W. Kai, A. Isogai, and T. Iwata, Biomacromolecules 10, 2571 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/bm900520n

"Single-molecule measurement of the strength of a siloxane bond," P. Schwaderer, E. Funk, F. Achenbach, J. Weis, C. Bräuchle, and J. Michaelis, Langmuir 24, 1343 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/la702352x

"A reversible wet/dry adhesive inspired by mussels and geckos," H. Lee, B. P. Lee, and P B. Messersmith, 448, 338 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/05968

"Direct force measurements between carboxylate-modified latex microspheres and glass using atomic force microscopy," S. Assemi, J. Nalaskowski, and W. P. Johnson, Colloids Surf. A 286, 70 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.03.024

"Sacrificial bonds in polymer brushes from rat tail tendon functioning as nanoscale velcro," T. Gutsmann, T. Hassenkam, J. A. Cutroni, and P. K. Hansma, Biophys. J. 89, 536 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.056747

" measurements of the elasticity of sectioned tissue, gels and polyelectrolyte multilayer films: Correlations between substrate stiffness and cell adhesion," A. J. Engler, L. Richert, J. Y. Wong, C. Picart, and D .E. Discher, Surf. Sci. 570, 142 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.179

"The biomechanics toolbox: experimental approaches for living cells and biomolecules," K. V. Vliet, G. Bao, and S. Suresh, Acta Mater. 51, 5881 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.001

"Determination of elastic moduli of layers of soft using the atomic force microscope," E. K. Dimitriadis, F. Horkay, J. Maresca, B. Kachar, and R. S. Chadwick, Biophys. J. 82, 2798 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75620-8