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光伏(PV)、热电(TE),以及相关的材料和设备正在迅速发展,并扩展到许多领域,包括光伏聚合物、以传统为基础的光伏设备,以及现在的钙钛矿光伏材料。获得丰富、低成本的可再生能源是有希望的,但需要改进对下一代光伏(PV)材料的表征技术。这一任务的关键是原子力显微镜(AFM)的高分辨率成像能力。Asylum Research生产的原子力显微镜能够在主要光伏材料和设备的研发阶段,为相关的研究提供表征平台,包括:透明材料、不透明材料、顶部和底部照明,以及使用外部的、用户提供的光源。在行业中,我们的电学表征套件、广泛的平台设置,以及多种软件和硬件定制工具都是十分优异的。
咨询AFM领域的专家在对样品进行光照情况下,对迁移率的变化进行测量
"Evidence of tunable macroscopic polarization in perovskite films using photo-Kelvin force microscopy," L. A. Renna, Y. Liu, T. P. Russell, M. Bag, and D. Venkataraman, Mater. Lett. 217, 308 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.01.106
"Orientation of ferroelectric domains and disappearance upon heating methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite from tetragonal to cubic ," S. M. Vorpahl, R. Giridharagopal, G. E. Eperon, I. M. Hermes, S. A. L. Weber, and D. S. Ginger, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1, 1534 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.7b00330
" performance perovskite solar cells fabricated under relative humidity conditions," J. Ciro, R. Betancur, S. Mesa, F. Jaramillo, Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells 163, 38 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.01.004
"Real-time nanoscale open-circuit voltage dynamics of perovskite solar cells," J. L. Garrett, E. M. Tennyson, M. Hu, J. Huang, J. N. Munday, and M. S. Leite, Nano Lett. 17, 2554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00289
"Morphology controls the thermoelectric power factor of a doped semiconducting polymer," S. N. Patel, A. M. Glaudell, K. A. Peterson, E. M. Thomas, K. A. O'Hara, E. Lim, and Michael L. Chabinyc, Sci. Adv. 3, e1700434 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700434
"Tailoring the energy landscape in quasi- halide perovskites enables efficient green-light emission," L. N. Quan, Y. Zhao, F. P. G. de Arquer, R. Sabatini, G. Walters, O. Voznyy, R. Comin, Y. Li, J. Z. Fan, H. Tan, J. Pan, M. Yuan, O. M. Bakr, Z. Lu, D. H. Kim, and E. H. Sargent, Nano Lett. 17, 3701 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00976
"Mapping the photoresponse of CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite films at the nanoscale," Y. Kutes, Y. Zhou, J. L. Bosse, J. Steffes, N. P. Padture, and B. D. Huey, Nano Lett. 16, 3434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157
"Grain boundary dominated ion migration in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films," Y. Shao, Y. Fang, T. Li, Q. Wang, Q. Dong, Y. Deng, Y. Yuan, H. Wei, M. Wang, A. Gruverman, J. Shield, and J. Huang, Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 1752 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee00413j
"-performance and environmentally stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed copper-doped nickel oxide hole-transporting layer," J. H. Kim, P.-W. Liang, S. T. Williams, N. Cho, C.-C. Chueh, M. S. Glaz, D. S. Ginger, and A. K.-Y. Jen, Adv. Mater. 27, 695 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404189
"Polymer homo-tandem solar cells with best efficiency of 11.3%," H. Zhou, Y. Zhang, C.-K. Mai, S. D. Collins, G. C. Bazan, T.-Q. Nguyen, and A. J. Heeger, Adv. Mater. 27, 1767 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404220
"Real-space observation of unbalanced charge distribution inside a perovskite-sensitized solar cell," V. W. Bergmann, S. A. L. Weber, F. J. Ramos, M. K. Nazeeruddin, M. Grätzel, D. Li, A. L. Domanski, I. Lieberwirth, S. Ahmad, and R. Berger, Nat. Commun. 5, 5001 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6001
"Solvent‐polarity‐induced active layer morphology control in crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based band gap polymer photovoltaics," S. Ferdous, F. Liu, D. Wang, and T.P. Russell, Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1300834 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201300834
"Ternary blend polymer solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency," L. Lu, T. Xu, W. Chen, E. S. Landry, and L. Yu, Nat. 8, 716 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.172
"The role of solvent vapor annealing in highly efficient air-processed small molecule solar cells," K. Sun, Z. Xiao, E. Hanssen, M. F. G. Klein, H. H. Dam, M. Pfaff, D. Gerthsen, W. W. H. Wong, and D. J. Jones, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 9048 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4Ta01125b
"Effects of molecular weight on microstructure and carrier in a semicrystalline poly(thieno)thiophene," A. Gasperini and K. Sivula, Macromolecules 46, 9349 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ma402027v
"Understanding the morphology of PTB7:PCBM blends in organic photovoltaics," F. Liu, W. Zhao, J. R. Tumbleston, C. Wang, Y. Gu, D. Wang, A. L. Briseno, H. Ade, and T. P. Russell, Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1301377 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201301377
"Boron subphthalocyanine chloride as an electron acceptor for ‐voltage fullerene‐free organic photovoltaics," N. Beaumont, S. W. Cho, P. Sullivan, D. Newby, K. E. Smith, and T. Jones, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 561 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201101782
"Improved performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells through the reduction of separation via solvent additives," C. V. Hoven, X.-D. Dang, R. C. Coffin, J. Peet, T.-Q. Nguyen, and G. C. Bazan, Adv. Mater. 22, E63 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903677
"Thienyl-substituted methanofullerene derivatives for organic photovoltaic cells," J. H. Choi, K.-I. Son, T. Kim, K. Kim, K. Ohkubo, and S. Fukuzumi, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 475 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/b916597e
"Nanocrystalline structure and thermoelectric properties of electrospun NaCo2O4 nanofibers," F. Ma, Y. Ou, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, S. Xie, J.-F. Li, G. Cao, R. Proksch, and J. Li, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 22038 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp107488k
" band gap polymers based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene: Rational of polymers leads to photovoltaic performance," S. C. Price, A. C. Stuart, and W. You, Macromolecules 43, 4609 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ma100051v
"Highly efficient solar cell polymers developed via fine-tuning of structural and electronic properties," Y. Liang, D. Feng, Y. Wu, S.-T. Tsai, G. Li, C. Ray, and L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 7799 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja901545q
"Influence of pulsed laser deposition rate on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Ca3Co4O9 films," T. Sun, J. Ma, Q. Yan, Y. Huang, J. Wang, and H. Hng, J. Cryst. Growth 311, 4123 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.06.044