用于纳米级电学特性性能描述表征的原子力显微镜（AFM）

"Local characterization of mobile charge carriers by two electrical modes: multi-harmonic EFM versus sMIM," L. Lei, R. Xu, S. Ye, X. Wang, K. Xu, S. Hussain, Y. J. Li, Y. Sugawara, L. Xie, W. Ji, and Z. Cheng, J. Phys. Commun. 2, 025013 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aaa85f

"Probing the ionic and electrochemical phenomena during resistive switching of NiO films," W. Lu, J. Xiao, L.-M. Wong, S. Wang, and K. Zeng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 8092 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16188

"Optimization of the Ag/PCBM interface by a rhodamine interlayer to enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells," J. Ciro, S. Mesa, J. I. Uribe, M. A. Mejía-Escobar, D. Ramirez, J. F. Montoya, R. Betancur, H.-S. Yoo, N.-G. Park, and F. Jaramillo, Nanoscale 9, 9440 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr01678f

"Spatially resolved multicolor CsPbX₃ heterojunctions via anion exchange," L. Dou, M. Lai, C. S. Kley, Y. Yang, C. G. Bischak, D. Zhang, S. W. Eaton, N. S. Ginsberg, and P. Yang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 7216 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1073/.1703860114

"New insights on electro-optical response of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) to humidity," E. S. Muckley, C. B. Jacobs, K. Vidal, J. P. Mahalik, R. Kumar, B. G. Sumpter, and I. N. Ivanov, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 15880 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03128

"Mapping the photoresponse of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ hybrid perovskite films at the nanoscale," Y. Kutes, Y. Zhou, J. L. Bosse, J. Steffes, N. P. Padture, and B. D. Huey, Nano Lett. 16, 3434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157

"Grain boundary dominated ion migration in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films," Y. Shao, Y. Fang, T. Li, Q. Wang, Q. Dong, Y. Deng, Y. Yuan, H. Wei, M. Wang, A. Gruverman, J. Shield, and J. Huang, Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 1752 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee00413j

"‐performance and environmentally stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution‐processed copper‐doped nickel oxide hole‐transporting layer," J. H. Kim, P.‐W. Liang, S. T. Williams, N. Cho, C.-C. Chueh, M. S. Glaz, D. S. Ginger, and A. K.‐Y. Jen, Adv. Mater. 27, 695 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404189

"Gate-tunable memristive phenomena mediated by grain boundaries in single-layer MoS₂," V. K. Sangwan, D. Jariwala, I. S. Kim, K. S. Chen, T. J. Marks, L. J. Lauhon, and M. C. Hersam, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 403 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.56

"Polymer homo‐tandem solar cells with best efficiency of 11.3%," H. Zhou, Y. Zhang, C. K. Mai, S. D. Collins, G. C. Bazan, T. Q. Nguyen, and A. J. Heeger, Adv. Mater. 27, 1767 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404220

"Observation and alteration of states of hematite photoelectrodes," C. Du, M. Zhang, J.-W. Jang, Y. Liu, G.-Y. Liu, and D. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 17054 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5006346

"Solvent‐polarity‐induced active layer morphology control in crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based band gap polymer photovoltaics," S. Ferdous, F. Liu, D. Wang, and T.P. Russell, Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1300834 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201300834

"Quantifying charge carrier concentration in ZnO films by scanning Kelvin microscopy," C. Maragliano, S. Lilliu, M. S. Dahlem, M. Chiesa, T. Souier, and M. Stefancich, Sci. Rep. 4, 4203 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04203

"A new quantitative experimental approach to investigate single cell adhesion on multifunctional substrates," C. Canale, A. Petrelli, M. Salerno, A. Diaspro, and S. Dante, Biosens. Bioelectron. 48, 172 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.015

"Kelvin microscopy and electronic measurements in reduced oxide chemical sensors," C. E. Kehayias, S. MacNaughton, S. Sonkusale, and C. Staii, 24, 245502 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/24/245502

" spatial resolution Kelvin force microscopy with coaxial probes," K. A. Brown, K. J. Satzinger, and R. M. Westervelt, 23, 115703 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115703

"Sub-30 nm scaling and -speed operation of fully-confined access-devices for 3D crosspoint memory based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC) materials," K. Virwani, G.W. Burr, R.S. Shenoy, C.T. Rettner, A. Padilla, T. Topuria, P.M. Rice, G. Ho, R.S. King, K. Nguyen, A.N. Bowers, M. Jurich, M. BrightSky, E.A. Joseph, A.J. Kellock, N. Arellano, B.N. Kurdi, and K. Gopalakrishnan Kumar, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting 2012 Technical Digest (10-13 December 2012, San Francisco, CA), pp. 2.7.1-2.7.4. https://doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2012.6478967

"Photoinduced degradation studies of organic solar cell materials using Kelvin force and conductive scanning force microscopy," E. Sengupta, A. L. Domanski, S. A. Weber, M. B. Untch, H. J. Butt, T. Sauermann, H. J. Egelhaaf, and R. Berger, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 19994 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2048713

"Kelvin force microscopy studies of work function of transparent conducting ZnO:Al electrodes synthesized under varying oxygen pressures," R. Jaramillo and S. Ramanathan, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95, 602 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.09.025

"Nanoscale, electrified liquid jets for -resolution printing of charge," J.-U. Park, S. Lee, S. Unarunotai, Y. Sun, S. Dunham, T. Song, P. M. Ferreira, A. G. Alleyene, U. Paik, and J. A. Rogers, Nano Lett. 10, 584 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903495f

"Highly efficient solar cell polymers developed via fine-tuning of structural and electronic properties," Y. Liang, D. Feng, Y. Wu, S.-T. Tsai, G. Li, C. Ray, and L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 7792 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja901545q

"Differential conductivity in self-assembled nanodomains of a diblock copolymer using polystyrene-block-poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane)," J. K. Li, S. Zou, D. A. Rider, I. Manners, and G. C. Walker, Adv. Mater. 20, 1989 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200702796

"Space charge limited current measurements on conjugated polymer films using conductive atomic force microscopy," O. G. Reid, K. Munechika, and D. S. Ginger, Nano Lett. 8, 1602 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl080155l

"Near-static dielectric polarization of individual carbon nanotubes," W. Lu, D. Wang, and L. Chen, Nano Lett. 7, 2729 (2007). https://doi.org/ 10.1021/nl071208m

"Piezoelectric and semiconducting coupled power generating process of a single ZnO belt/wire. A technology for harvesting electricity from the environment," J. Song, J. Zhou, and Z. L. Wang, Nano Lett. 6, 1656 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060820v